Vascular grafting is done for the treatment of various vascular complications, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), pulmonary embolism (blood clots), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), and pediatric congenital cardiovascular defects (CCDs). The high blood pressure, cholesterol deposition, cardiac injury, and infections are causative factors for vascular diseases. The diabetes, hypertension, obesity, …